Basic of computer

COMPUTER

COMMON OPERATING MACHINE PURPOUSLY USED FOR TACHNIGICOL AND EDUCATION RESARCH     

A computer is an electronic plant. which provides information based on the instructions given by the  user. The word computer has its origin in the word compute in English. Which means – to calculate. Compute means computer by the word compute.  

There are types of computer.

1.       Digital

2.       Analog

3.       Hybrid

 

HARDWARE  -  All the plants and Equipment involved in the physical structure of a computer are called hardware.

SOFTWARE -   Software are programs that instruct a computer to operate . they tell the hardware what to do ? How to do ?

 

INPUT DEVICE – These are the devices that carry the user’s instructions to the central resource unit (CPU). Such as : Mouse, keyboard , camera, scanner ,barcode reader, light pen etc.

OUTPUT DEVICE – These are devices that provides instructions given by the user as a result given by central resource unit. Such as : Moniter , Printer , Projector , Sound speaker etc.

 

THREE TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES.

1.       Machine code

2.       Assembly code

3.       High level languages.

 

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT ( CPU) -  It  cantrols all parts of the computer. Therefor it is also called the brain of computer.it mainly consists of three parts .

1.       Memory

2.       Arirtmetic logic unit (ALU)

3.       Control unit.

 

 CD – COMPACT DISK

DVD – DIGITAL VIDEO DISK

E- MAIL – ELECTRONIOC MAIL

FAX – FAR AWAY XEROX

HTTP – HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL

HTML – HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE

LAN – LOCAL AREA NETWORK

RAM – RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

ROM – READ ONLY MEMORY

WAN – WIDE AREA NETWORK

 

 NETWORK -  When more then one computer is connected through some medium and information is shared , this technique is called network. Talking about wire mediun,it  can be anything form twisted pair cable,coaxial cable and fiber optics cable.if you talk about wireless medium ,then it can be anything  form radio waves, Bluetooth, infared, satellite.

 

Local area network (LAN) – It is a network that is used to connect two or more computers. A local area network is a locally functioning network, it is a computer network that covers local areas such as home , offices ,or building.

Features if LAN -  1.  It has high data transfer speed.

                                   2. Data is safe in this.

                                   3.  It is easy to organize data.

 

COMPONENTS OF LAN – 1.  Network adapter

                                                  2.   Network medium

                                                  3.   Cable connector

                                                  4.   Power supply

                                                  5.   Hub/Switch/router

                                                  6.   Network software.

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WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) – This network is used to connect a state,country, or internet.The rang of the WAN network is 100000km as the distance between Earth and Satellite, for Example : Mobile phone, Satellite etc.

OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) – There is a  software that acts as ana interface between the computer and the user. This is called system software .

Operating system is a set of instructions that is stored in a storage device.and it is a group of programs that manage the resources and operations of the computer.

 TWO TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) -:

1.       CHARACTER USER INTERFACE (CUI)

2.       GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)

 

`1. CHARACTER USER INTERFACE -:  Not user – friendly and to run this O S one always has to type the command.

2 . GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) -:  The GUI operating system is user – friendly and does not require a command to run this operating system,rather a program has to be clicked with the mouse.

Such as -: Windows is a GUI operating system.

Advantage of operating system -:

1 It can be used easily because  it has a graphical user interface. And new users can run the computer easily through it.

2  Through this, we can share a lot data with users.

3  Through this,we can share resources like :- Printer.

4  These can be easily udepted.

5  It is a secure such as :- Windows has a windows defender which detects and removes any kind of harmful files.

6  Through this,we can install any game or software and run them.

7 Some operating system( eg :- LINUX ) are open source,we can run them on our computerfor free.